Human Wrongs Watch
Members of the Kenyan Kadokoi community water project show how they use drip irrigation to grow vegetables with water from their borehole. Credit: Protus Onyango/IPS
In an interview with IPS, Elwyn Grainger-Jones, Executive Director of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Organization, analyses the impact of this staggering fact, which is based on the AAA Initiative report (Initiative for the Adaptation of Africa Agriculture to Climate Change), as well as the needed solutions.
Elwyn Grainger-Jones
The increasing occurrence and severity of weather events such as droughts and floods, high heat and cold stress, will impact agriculture in Africa, threatening regional food systems, explains Grainger-Jones.
Smallholder farmers and those who primarily draw their incomes from agriculture value chains will be affected, which will in turn threaten the region’s food security, adds the executive director of this partnership comprising 15 independent, non-profit research organiations, home to over 8,000 scientists, researchers and technicians.
“Agriculture and our global food systems, however, contribute up to 29 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions which needs to urgently be addressed,” Grainger-Jones underlines.
He further explains that CGIAR is helping the developing world to harness an environmental transformation, to drastically cut the environmental footprint of the food system, including climate emissions, land degradation, water, land pollution and food waste.
Smart Agriculture, Forestry, Water
Grainger-Jones adds that CGIAR is leading a major effort to develop and scale up climate-smart agriculture, to improve forestry practices and governance, and to transform the productivity of water use.
“We’re also working to apply relevant new science to develop a new suite of tools and approaches to transform agricultural systems – ranging from policy advice on nutrition and market development, new tools to harness satellite based information and forecasting and new approaches to landscape-level planning.”
Urgent Need to Adapt Agriculture
According to Grainger-Jones, there is an urgent need to adapt agriculture — which feeds this chronically food insecure region and forms the backbone of its economy — to extreme weather conditions.
Asked what are the most urgent priorities now and in the medium- and long-term, he explains that climate risks to crops, livestock and fisheries are expected to increase in the coming decades, particularly in low-income countries where adaptive capacity is weaker.
Impacts on agriculture threaten both food security and agriculture’s pivotal role in rural livelihoods and broad-based development, adds Grainger-Jones.
“There is an urgent need to implement climate-smart solutions to help smallholder farmers adapt to a changing climate.”
Climate-smart agriculture, one of the key approaches, includes practices and technologies that increase productivity in a sustainable manner, support farmers’ adaptation to climate change and mitigate levels of greenhouse gas emissions, he explains.
In Ajegunle, a low-lying slum in Lagos, flooding is also disrupting the economic activities of women. Credit: Sam Olukoya/IPS
Technologies and Policies Already Exist
“We have technologies and policy recommendations that can be implemented now, and our work through the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security is central to supporting smallholder farmers now and in the future.”
“Looking beyond the near-term priorities, we need to continue supporting research to find new ways to adapt and maintain sustainable food systems, which will be under increasing stress to be able to feed a growing population in the face of climate change,” Grainger-Jones adds to IPS.
“It’s not just about growing more food, but making safe, healthy food available that supports healthy diets. We need to reform policies and practices in food systems in the developing world to tackle malnutrition and an emerging global obesity epidemic.”
Poor Rural Populations Forced to Flee
IPS asked Grainger-Jones about the fact that poor rural populations, in particular in Africa, are being forced to flee conflicts and climate change’s severe impacts, and what are the most pressing policies to be followed in order to prevent massive migration?
It is widely believed that climate change will have negative impacts on agricultural communities, he says, adding that research is supporting the theory that climate impacts will catalyse tragedy among vulnerable populations.
“We need to invest in helping farmers produce more on their existing land using sustainable approaches.”
Asked how, Grainger-Jones explains that with proper foresight and better understanding of the connections between climate change, food security and migration, world leaders can address one of the main contributors to this crisis, and create better lives and futures for vulnerable people.
“With early warning, early action can be taken towards planning and preparedness that can reduce the negative impacts on society.”
Irrigation near Kakamas, South Africa : how can optimal and sustainable use of water be achieved? / Credit: Patrick Burnett/IPS
Drought, Advancing Desertification
Drought and advancing desertification have been aggravating the growing water scarcity challenges.
Asked what CGIAR recommended at the World Water Week 2017 (August 27 to September 1, 2017) in Stockholm, Grainger-Jones says that CGIAR, through the International Center for Agriculture in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), a CGIAR Research Center, is developing technologies that are combatting drought and desertification.
“For example, in Jordan, to cope with water scarcity, we have developed practical mechanised water harvesting techniques that support the revegetation of degraded rangeland ecosystems,” he adds.
Recent research found that untreated wastewater from cities used to irrigate crops downstream is 50 percent more widespread than researchers had previously thought.
“There is a need to mitigate public health risks and avoid a major environmental hazard through measures taken along the entire food supply chain, and includes improved wastewater treatment, but also preventative methods on farms and food handling.”
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI), a CGIAR Research Center, and the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), have outlined a dual approach to enhance water quality and wastewater management that consists of practical safety measures as well as green business solutions, concludes Grainger-Jones.
CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. Its science is dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources and ecosystem services.
Based in Montpellier, Canada, its research is carried out by 15 CGIAR centers in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organisations and the private sector.
All 15 Research Centers are independent, non-profit research organisations, innovating on behalf of poor people in developing countries. . Each Center has its own charter, board of trustees, director general, and staff.
Elwyn Grainger-Jones (UK), joined CGIAR in October 2016 with over 20 years experience and expertise in development, agriculture and climate change, including previous positions at the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Bank.
*Author: Baher Kamal, Egyptian-born, Spanish-national secular journalist. He is founder and publisher of Human Wrongs Watch. More articles by Baher Kamal this year in Human Wrongs Watch:
To Be a Nigerian Migrant in Italy
Forced Evictions, Rights Abuses of Maasai People in Tanzania Reported
Climate Migrants Might Reach One Billion by 2050
Yemen: African Migrants Beaten, Starved, Sexually Violated by Criminal Groups
Can the Gender Gap Be Measured in Dollars Only?
Millions of Women and Children for Sale for Sex, Slavery, Organs…
Migrants – The Increasingly Expensive Deadly Voyages
Not Just Numbers: Migrants Tell Their Stories
Climate Change-Poverty-Migration: The New, Inhuman ‘Bermuda Triangle’
Drought Pushes 1 in 3 Somalis to a Hunger Knife-Edge
Mideast: Drought to Turn People into Eternal Migrants, Prey to Extremism?
More Plastic than Fish or How Politicians Help Ocean Destruction
The Relentless March of Drought – That ‘Horseman of the Apocalypse
Re-Connect with Nature Now… Before It Is Too Late!
The ‘Water-Employment-Migration’ Explosive Nexus
Asia: 260 Million Indigenous Peoples Marginalised, Discriminated
Mideast: Growing Urbanisation Worsens Water Scarcity, Food Imports
A Grisly Tale of Children Falling Easy Prey to Ruthless Smugglers
Agony of Mother Earth (I) The Unstoppable Destruction of Forests
Agony of Mother Earth (II) World’s Forests Depleted for Fuel
Who Are the Best ‘Eaters’ and How to Use Eggplants as a Toothbrush
African Migrants Bought and Sold Openly in ‘Slave Markets’ in Libya
The Very Survival of Africa’s Indigenous Peoples ‘Seriously Threatened’
20 Million People Could ‘Starve to Death’ in Next Six Months
Indigenous Peoples – Best Allies or Worst Enemies?
Middle East, Engulfed by a ‘Perfect Storm’
Yemen, World’s Largest Humanitarian Crisis
ACP: One Billion People to Speak To Europe with One Voice
Did You Know that the Oceans Have It All?
The Unbearable Cost of Drought in Africa
‘Humanity and Social Justice, a Must for the Future of Work’
Work, What Future? Seven Big Questions Needing Urgent Response
Plastic No More… Also in Kenya
Climate Breaks All Records: Hottest Year, Lowest Ice, Highest Sea Level
New Evidence Confirms Risk That Mideast May Become Uninhabitable
The Indigenous ‘People of Wildlife’ Know How to Protect Nature
These Women Cannot Celebrate Their Day
Antarctic Ice Lowest Ever – Asia at High Risk – Africa Drying Up
UN Declares War on Ocean Plastic
Of Arabs and Muslims and the Big Ban
Every Year 700 Million People Fall Ill from Contaminated Food
A Dire Vacuum in a World in Crisis
Indigenous Peoples Lands Guard 80 Per Cent of World’s Biodiversity
World’s 40,000 MP’s Must Enjoy Their Rights – But Are They?
Want to Prevent Stroke, Diabetes, Cancer? Get Moving… Now!
Trump to Pull Out of the UN, Expel It from the US?
Inequality (III): Less Employment… and More ‘Junk’ Jobs
Inequality (II): “It Will Take 170 Years for Women to Be Paid as Men Are”
Inequality (I): Half of World’s Wealth, in the Pockets of Just Eight Men
Poor Darwin – Robots, Not Nature, Now Make the Selection
2017 Human Wrongs Watch
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Baher Kamal
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