Human Wrongs Watch
By Johan Galtung*
27 February 2017 – TRANSCEND Media Service – As Buddhist philosophy teaches, peace, like violence and conflict, is a relation; not an attribute of China or Japan. As Daoist philosophy teaches, in a holon like East Asia there are forces and counterforces, yin/yang, with yin and yang in both, &c.

Johan Galtung
Negative peace would relate the two without violence or threats; positive peace would relate them with good things flowing. Reality?
Past: the “Nanjing massacre”.
Present: threats between China and USA-Japan “collective self-defense” also for Senkaku-Diaoyu, de facto US occupation of Japan.
Future: no vision beyond balance of threats.
Hence, peace between China and Japan has to be created: visions of peaceful futures, solving present conflicts, conciling past trauma. Peace does not flow from the past. But peace may flow from the future.
Geographically the two countries are close, yet very different.